Let us study fractions with denominator 10. Look at the following figure.
In the above figure, the blocks are 1 black, 2 green, 3 blue, 4 red.
So, the portion of each colour compared to the whole is black = 1⁄10; green = 2⁄10; blue = 3⁄10; red = 4⁄10;
black + red = 1⁄10; + 4⁄10; = 5⁄10; green + red = 2⁄10; + 4⁄10; = 6⁄10; blue + red = 3⁄10; + 4⁄10; = 7⁄10; black + blue + red = 1⁄10; + 3⁄10; + 4⁄10; = 8⁄10; green + blue + red = 2⁄10; + 3⁄10; + 4⁄10; = 9⁄10;
These fractions with denominator of 10 have a speciality.
Tenths
The fractions with 10 as denominator are called tenths.
We know 10 milli metres (mm) = 1 centi metre (cm) or 1 mm = 1⁄10 cm or one-tenth cm ; or 3 mm = 3⁄10 cm or three-tenth cm
We also write the fractional number 1⁄10 (one-tenth) as .1 read as decimal one or point one.
Similarly, we write the fractional number 2⁄10 (two-tenth) as .2 read as point two.
Like wise, 3⁄10 (three-tenth) = .3 read as point three. 4⁄10 (four-tenth) = .4 read as point four. 5⁄10 (five-tenth) = .5 read as point five. 6⁄10 (six-tenth) = .6 read as point six.
7⁄10 (seven-tenth) = .7 read as point seven. 8⁄10 (eight-tenth) = .8 read as point eight. 9⁄10 (nine-tenth) = .9 read as point nine.
Hundredths
The fractions with 100 as denominator are called hundredths.
We know 100 centi metres (cm) = 1 metre (m) or 1 cm = 1⁄100 m or one-hundredth m ; or 73 cm = 73⁄100 m or seventy three-hundredth m
100 cents = 1 dollar or 1 cent = 1⁄100 dollar ; or 37 cents = 37⁄100 dollar
We denote hundredths by two digits after the point
We write the fractional number 1⁄100 (one-hundredth) as .01 read as decimal zero one or point zero one.
Similarly, we write the fractional number 2⁄100 (two-hundredth) as .02 read as point zero two.
Like wise, 23⁄100 (twenty three-hundredth) = .23 read as point two three. 54⁄100 (fifty four-hundredth) = .54 read as point five four. 35⁄100 (thirty five-hundredth) = .35 read as point three five. 96⁄100 (ninety six-hundredth) = .96 read as point nine six. 47⁄100 (forty seven-hundredth) = .47 read as point four seven. 88⁄100 (eighty eight-hundredth) = .88 read as point eight eight. 19⁄100 (nineteen-hundredth) = .19 read as point one nine.
Thousandths
The fractions with 1000 as denominator are called thousandths.
We know 1000 metres (m) = 1 kilo metre (km) or 1 m = 1⁄1000 km or one-thousandth km ; or 573 m = 573⁄1000 km or Five hundred seventy three-thousandth km
1000 grams (g) = 1 kilo gram (kg) or 1 g = 1⁄1000 kg ; or 337 g = 337⁄1000 kg
We denote thousandths by three digits after the point
We write the fractional number 1⁄1000 (one-thousandth) as .001 read as decimal zero zero one or point zero zero one.
Similarly, we write the fractional number 2⁄1000 (two-thousandth) as .002 read as point zero zero two.
Like wise, 923⁄1000 (923 thousandth) = .923 read as point nine two three. 854⁄1000 (854 thousandth) = .854 read as point eight five four. 35⁄1000 (35 thousandth) = .035 read as point zero three five. 696⁄1000 (696 thousandth) = .696 read as point six nine six. 47⁄1000 (47 thousandth) = .047 read as point zero four seven. 488⁄1000 (488 thousandth) = .488 read as point four eight eight. 19⁄1000 (19 thousandth) = .019 read as point zero one nine.
The idea of tenths, hundredths, thousandths can be extended to ten thousandths, hundred thousandths (lakhths), millionths (ten lakhths) etc.
Tenths, Hundredths, Thousandths with Whole Number
So far what we have seen are less than one.
Consider the mixed fractions 3 1⁄10,8 81⁄100,98 763⁄1000.
With the knowledge of
Mixed fractions and what we have learnt so far, we can write 3 1⁄10= 3 + 1⁄10 = 3 + .1 = 3.1 8 81⁄100= 8 + 81⁄100 = 8 + .81 = 8.81 98 763⁄1000= 98 + 763⁄1000 = 98 + .763 = 98.763
The idea of tenths, hundredths, thousandths with whole numbers can be extended to ten thousandths, hundred thousandths (lakhths), millionths (ten lakhths) etc.with whole numbers.
Decimals
This form (point form) of writing the tenths, hundredths, thousandths can be extended to ten thousandths, hundred thousandths (lakhths), millionths (ten lakhths) etc. and is called decimal form and the numbers written in this form are called Decimal numbers or simply Decimals.
A Decimal has two parts : Whole Number part and Decimal part. The two parts are seperated by a dot (.), called decimal point. The Whole Number part is to the left of the point and the Decimal part is to its right.
For example, in 98.763, we have : Whole Number part = 98 and Decimal part = .763
The absence of any of these parts indicate that the part is 0.
For example, .79 can be written as 0.79 and 32 can be written as 32.0
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