In all these problems, we have to
find the multiplication of two digit
number with a single digit number.
Example 1 : Learn Multiplication
Let us find 4 x 12.
From the knowledge of decimal number system
, we know, 12 has 1 ten and 2 ones. i.e. 12 = 2 x 1 + 1 x 10 = 2 + 10.
So, 4 x 12 = 4(12) = 4(2 + 10)
= 4 x 2 + 4 x 10 = 8 + 40 = 48.
We will show it in vertical
presentation as follows.
12
4
---
8
40
---
48
---
Or more simply
12
4
---
8
4
---
48
---
The second vertical presentation
above is simple way of presenting
process of multiplication.
Note that when tens' place digit
is multiplied, we presented the
result in tens' place.
If the result has more than
one digit, we place the result
starting from tens' place
and proceeding to the left,
as seen in the next example.
While adding, 8 in units' place
is descended down in units'
place and 4 in tens' place is
descended down in tens' place.
Thus the result is 48.
Example 2 : Learn Multiplication
Now, we find 6 x 20 by presenting
the process directly in the simple
vertical presentation explained above.
20
6
---
0
12
---
120
---
Here 0 x 6 gave 0 and we placed it
in ones' place. 2 x 6 gave 12 and
we placed it starting from tens'
place and proceeding to the left.
While adding, we descend the 0 in
units' place, 2 in tens' place and
1 in hundreds' place.
Thus the result is 120.
In fact, to find 20 x 6, it is
enough to find 2 x 6 and then put
0 to the right of the result.
2 x 6 = 12. Putting 0 to the right,
the answer is 120 same as above.
Example 3 : Learn Multiplication
2 x 30 is simple to understand
and we present it below.
30
2
---
0
6
---
60
---
So 2 x 30 = 60. Ans.
In fact, to find 2 x 30, it is
enough to find 2 x 3 and then
put 0 to the right of the result.
2 x 3 = 6. Putting 0 to the right,
the answer is 60, same as above.
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Here, multiplication of units' place
digits (5 x 4) gave a two digit
number (20). We wrote 0 in units
place and 2 ( small 2 indicating
that it is carried over from the
result of units' place) in tens' place.
1 x 4 gave 4 and we wrote
it in tens' place.
While adding, we descend 0 in units'
place and add small 2 and 4 in tens'
place to get 6 in tens' place.
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